Okay, let's tackle this question about Ulcerative Colitis. First, I need to recall the key features of UC. It's a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), right? Unlike Crohn's disease, UC is limited to the colon and rectum. The inflammation is continuous, not patchy, and it affects the mucosa and submucosa, not the deeper layers like Crohn's.

The question is asking which statement is true about UC. Since the options aren't provided, I have to think about common true statements. Let's consider typical features: presentation with bloody diarrhea, left lower quadrant pain, weight loss. Also, extraintestinal manifestations like arthritis or uveitis. Pathologically, UC has crypt abscesses and a "pseudopolyps" appearance.

Now, possible options might include things like "affects terminal ileum" (which is Crohn's), or "granulomas present" (which is a feature of Crohn's, not UC). Other options could be about treatment, like 5-ASA being a first-line treatment.

Wait, the correct answer here is likely about the continuous inflammation from rectum upwards, or the fact that it's limited to the colon. Let me structure the explanation. Core concept is that UC is a chronic, continuous mucosal inflammation of the colon and rectum. The correct answer would highlight this.

For the wrong options, each needs to be addressed. For example, if an option says "involves the terminal ileum," that's incorrect because UC doesn't affect the small intestine. Another might mention granulomas, which are not present in UC.

Clinical pearl: Remember that UC is continuous from the rectum, and treatment includes 5-ASA or corticosteroids. High-yield fact: UC is associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer over time.

**Core Concept**
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by **continuous mucosal inflammation** of the colon and rectum. It differs from Crohn’s disease by its **rectosigmoid onset**, **superficial mucosal involvement**, and absence of transmural or skip lesions.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct statement would highlight UC’s **continuous inflammation starting in the rectum and extending proximally**. Pathologically, UC causes **crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, and a granular mucosal appearance**. Clinically, it presents with **bloody diarrhea, urgency, and tenesmus**, with extraintestinal manifestations like uveitis or arthritis. Diagnosis relies on **endoscopic and histopathological findings**, and management includes 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA), corticosteroids, or biologics.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** *“Involves terminal ileum”* — Incorrect. UC is **confined to the colon/rectum**; terminal ileum involvement is specific to **Crohn’s disease**.
**Option B:** *“Transmural inflammation is typical”* — Incorrect. UC affects **mucosa/submucosa only**; **Crohn’s** exhibits transmural inflammation.
**Option C:** *“Non-caseating granulomas are present”* — Incorrect

✓ Correct Answer: C. Rectum is always involved