**Core Concept**
Rh incompatibility occurs when an Rh-negative mother is pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus, leading to the potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). This condition arises due to the formation of antibodies against Rh-positive red blood cells in the mother's immune system.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the complications of Rh incompatibility. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a well-known complication of Rh incompatibility, characterized by the destruction of fetal red blood cells. This occurs when the mother's antibodies cross the placenta and attack the Rh-positive red blood cells of the fetus. Another complication is the potential for the mother to develop a condition known as **Erythroblastosis fetalis**, where she produces antibodies against the Rh-positive red blood cells, leading to their destruction.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not a complication of Rh incompatibility. However, it is worth noting that Rh incompatibility does not directly lead to anemia in the mother. **Option B:** This option is not a complication of Rh incompatibility. The term **Rh factor** refers to the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells, but it is not a complication of Rh incompatibility. **Option C:** This option is not a complication of Rh incompatibility. **Option D:** This option is not a complication of Rh incompatibility. However, it is worth noting that Rh incompatibility does not directly lead to renal failure or hypertension.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Rh incompatibility can be prevented with **Rh immune globulin (RhIg)** administered to the mother after delivery, which helps to prevent the formation of antibodies against Rh-positive red blood cells.

**Correct Answer:** D