Which is avoided with milk intake?
**Core Concept**
Oxalate is a naturally occurring compound found in various foods, including milk. The kidneys excrete excess oxalate, but excessive intake can lead to hyperoxaluria, a condition where oxalate crystals form in the kidneys and increase the risk of kidney stones.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Milk intake can lead to an increased absorption of calcium, which in turn can bind with oxalate in the gut, forming insoluble calcium oxalate. This reduces the amount of free oxalate available for reabsorption in the kidneys, thereby decreasing the risk of hyperoxaluria. The addition of oxalate inhibitors like calcium and magnesium in milk also contributes to this effect.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Not directly related to milk intake or oxalate.
* **Option B:** Actually, milk is a good source of calcium, which can help bind with oxalate and reduce its absorption.
* **Option C:** Actually, milk is a good source of calcium, which can help bind with oxalate and reduce its absorption.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A high intake of oxalate from foods like spinach, beets, and rhubarb can exacerbate the risk of kidney stones, particularly in individuals with a history of hyperoxaluria. This is why patients with a history of kidney stones are often advised to limit their intake of these foods.
**Correct Answer:** D.