**Core Concept**

The composition of dental plaque, a biofilm formed on teeth, is influenced by various factors, including dietary components. The primary concern is the interaction between dental plaque and dietary sugars, which can lead to the production of acid and facilitate the demineralization of tooth enamel, ultimately contributing to the development of dental caries.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**

The correct answer is related to the role of dietary sugars in the formation of dental plaque. When sugary substances are consumed, they are metabolized by oral bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, which produce acid as a byproduct. This acid environment favors the demineralization of tooth enamel, leading to the formation of dental caries. The sugars in the diet, particularly sucrose, are readily fermented by oral bacteria, resulting in the production of lactic acid and the subsequent acidification of the dental plaque.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**

* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because while dietary fats may contribute to the overall energy intake and potentially influence oral health, they do not directly affect the composition of dental plaque.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because dietary proteins, such as those found in meat and dairy products, are not directly involved in the formation of dental plaque.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because dietary fibers, although beneficial for overall digestive health, do not directly impact the composition of dental plaque.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**

To prevent dental caries, patients should be advised to limit their consumption of sugary substances, particularly sucrose, and maintain good oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing and flossing.

**Correct Answer: D. Sugars.**