Which cephalosporin can cause Disulfiram like reaction –
**Core Concept**
Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics that can cause various adverse reactions due to their mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic properties. Disulfiram-like reactions, characterized by flushing, nausea, and vomiting, are a rare but significant side effect of certain cephalosporins.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Cefoperazone, a third-generation cephalosporin, contains a methylthiotetrazole side chain that can inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to a disulfiram-like reaction. This reaction is similar to the one observed with disulfiram, a medication used to treat alcohol dependence. The inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase results in the accumulation of acetaldehyde, a toxic metabolite of ethanol, which causes the characteristic symptoms of a disulfiram-like reaction.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin that does not contain the methylthiotetrazole side chain and is not associated with disulfiram-like reactions.
* **Option B:** Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin, but it does not contain the methylthiotetrazole side chain and is not known to cause disulfiram-like reactions.
* **Option D:** Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin that does not contain the methylthiotetrazole side chain and is not associated with disulfiram-like reactions.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When prescribing cephalosporins, it is essential to consider the potential for disulfiram-like reactions, particularly in patients who consume alcohol. Cefoperazone should be used with caution in patients with a history of alcohol dependence or those who consume alcohol regularly.
**Correct Answer: C. Cefoperazone**