Which cardinal movements occur during labour :
**Core Concept**
The cardinal movements of labour refer to the three fundamental movements of the fetal head through the birth canal during vaginal delivery. These movements are essential for the safe and effective progression of labour.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The three cardinal movements of labour are:
* Engagement: The descent of the fetal head into the pelvis, where it assumes the most inferior position.
* Descent: The progressive downward movement of the fetal head through the birth canal, accompanied by the rotation and flexion of the fetal head.
* Extension: The final movement, where the fetal head extends and crowns the pelvis, preparing for delivery.
These movements are crucial for the safe passage of the fetal head through the birth canal.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as it does not specify the correct cardinal movements of labour. Labour involves more than just one movement, and the term "engagement" is often used to describe the initial descent of the fetal head into the pelvis.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the cardinal movements of labour. While descent is one of the movements, it is not the only one, and the term "expulsion" is more commonly used to describe the final stage of labour.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect as it does not specify the correct cardinal movements of labour. While rotation and flexion are important movements during labour, they are not the only cardinal movements.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Remember the three cardinal movements of labour: engagement, descent, and extension. These movements are crucial for the safe and effective progression of labour, and failure to recognize these movements can lead to complications during delivery.
**Correct Answer: C. Engagement, Descent, and Extension.**