What is the most likely precursor to bronchiectasis?
Correct Answer: Necrotising pneumonia
Description: Bronchiectasis may be the sequela of a variety of necrotising infections that are either inadequately treated or not treated at all. Primary infection is a paicularly common cause of bronchiectasis. The most widely cited mechanism of infectious bronchiectasis is the "vicious cycle hypothesis," in which susceptibility to infection and poor mucociliary clearance result in microbial colonization of the bronchial tree. Some organisms, such asPseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibit a paicular propensity for colonizing damaged airways and evading host defense mechanisms. Impaired mucociliary clearance can result from inherited conditions such as CF or dyskinetic cilia syndrome, and it has been proposed that a single severe infection (e.g., pneumonia caused byBordetella peussisorMycoplasma pneumoniae) can result in significant airway damage and poor secretion clearance. The presence of the microbes incites continued chronic inflammation, with consequent damage to the airway wall, continued impairment of secretions and microbial clearance, and ongoing propagation of the infectious/inflammatory cycle. Moreover, it has been proposed that mediators released directly from bacteria can interfere with mucociliary clearance.
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