What is the area of retina visualised under direct ophthalmoscope?
**Core Concept**
The direct ophthalmoscope is a handheld instrument used to examine the retina, allowing visualization of the posterior segment of the eye. This device provides a magnified view of the retina, enabling the detection of various retinal pathologies.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The direct ophthalmoscope visualizes a 10-15° area of the retina, which corresponds to the ora serrata, the equator, and the fovea. This is because the instrument is designed to focus on the posterior segment of the eye, allowing for a detailed examination of the retina. The light from the ophthalmoscope is focused on the retina, producing an inverted and magnified image.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because the indirect ophthalmoscope, not the direct ophthalmoscope, provides a wider field of view (up to 45°).
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because the fundus camera, although capable of capturing images of the retina, is not a handheld instrument used for direct visualization like the direct ophthalmoscope.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because the slit lamp, a device used to examine the anterior segment of the eye, does not provide the same level of magnification or visualization of the retina as the direct ophthalmoscope.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When using the direct ophthalmoscope, it is essential to adjust the instrument's focus to the patient's retina, as an incorrect focus can lead to a misdiagnosis or missed pathology. The direct ophthalmoscope is particularly useful for examining the fovea, optic disc, and macula.
**Correct Answer: D. The posterior pole of the retina.**