Okay, let's tackle this question. The user provided a question asking what voyeurism is also known as, with the correct answer needing to be filled in. The options A-D are empty, but the correct answer is supposed to be the alternative name for voyeurism.

First, I need to recall the definition of voyeurism. Voyeurism is a paraphilia involving obtaining sexual pleasure from observing unsuspecting individuals who are naked, undressing, or engaging in sexual activity. The key here is that the observer is not participating but watching without the consent of the observed.

Now, what's the other term for this? I remember that in medical and psychological terms, voyeurism is often referred to as "scopophilia." Scopophilia comes from the Greek words "skopein" (to look) and "-philia" (love), so literally "love of looking." This term is used in both psychology and psychiatry to describe the condition where someone derives sexual gratification from watching others.

Next, I need to consider the other options that might be presented. Commonly confused terms include exhibitionism, which is the opposite—where the person exposes themselves to others. Then there's sadism, which involves deriving pleasure from inflicting pain, and masochism, which is the opposite. Also, terms like pedophilia or frotteurism might come up, but those are different paraphilias.

The core concept here is understanding the classification of paraphilias and their specific names. The correct answer is scopophilia. The incorrect options would be other paraphilias with similar-sounding names but different definitions.

I should make sure that the explanation clearly differentiates voyeurism from exhibitionism, as they are often mixed up. Also, linking the etymology of the terms can help in remembering them. For example, "scopophilia" relates to watching, while "exhibitionism" relates to showing.

The clinical pearl here is to remember that voyeurism is about watching, and the term is scopophilia. The key is the act of observation without participation. It's important for students to not confuse it with exhibitionism, which is about exposing oneself.

**Core Concept**
Voyeurism is a paraphilic disorder characterized by deriving sexual arousal from observing unsuspecting individuals in private situations. The term "scopophilia" originates from Greek (*skopos* = to watch; *philia* = love), directly describing this behavior.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Scopophilia is the medical/psychological synonym for voyeurism. It specifically refers to the sexual gratification gained by secretly watching others, often involving privacy violations. This differs from exhibitionism (exposing oneself), frotteurism (touching non-consenting individuals), and other paraphilias. The DSM-5 classifies voyeuristic disorder under paraphilic disorders when the behavior causes distress or harm.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** *Exhibitionism* involves exposing one’s genitals to unsuspecting strangers for sexual arousal, not observing others.
**Option B:** *Sadism* refers to deriving pleasure from inflicting pain, not observation.
**Option C:** *Frotteurism* involves touching or rubbing against non-consenting individuals.
**Option D:** *Necrophilia* is attraction to corpses, unrelated to voyeurism.

**Clinical Pearl /

✓ Correct Answer: A. Scopophilia