Von-Willebrand’s disease is transmitted as:
**Core Concept**
Von-Willebrand's disease is a hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von-Willebrand factor (VWF), a protein critical for platelet adhesion and aggregation at the site of injury. It is transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern, affecting both males and females.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Von-Willebrand's disease is caused by mutations in the VWF gene, leading to the production of abnormal VWF protein or reduced levels of the protein. This results in impaired platelet function, leading to prolonged bleeding after injury. The autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance means that only one copy of the mutated gene is required to manifest the disease, affecting both males and females equally.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Not transmitted as an autosomal dominant pattern. This is incorrect because Von-Willebrand's disease is indeed transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern.
**Option B:** Not transmitted through the Y chromosome. This is incorrect because Von-Willebrand's disease is transmitted through autosomal chromosomes, not the Y chromosome.
**Option C:** Not caused by a deficiency of factor VIII. This is incorrect because Von-Willebrand's disease is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von-Willebrand factor (VWF), not factor VIII.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Von-Willebrand's disease is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder, affecting approximately 1% of the population. It is essential to suspect Von-Willebrand's disease in patients with a history of easy bruising, prolonged bleeding after surgery or trauma, and a family history of similar symptoms.
**Correct Answer:** D. Autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.