Vitiligo is associated with the following except –
**Core Concept**
Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by the loss of pigment-producing melanocytes, leading to white patches on the skin. The exact pathophysiology involves an interplay of genetic and environmental factors, resulting in an immune-mediated destruction of melanocytes.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Vitiligo is associated with several autoimmune conditions, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes, and Addison's disease. This is due to the sharing of common genetic predispositions and the presence of autoantibodies against melanocytes and other self-antigens. The autoimmune nature of vitiligo is further supported by the presence of T cells and cytokines in affected skin.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because vitiligo is not typically associated with alopecia areata, which is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss. While both conditions are autoimmune, they affect different tissues and have distinct pathophysiologies.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because vitiligo is associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because vitiligo is not typically associated with psoriasis, which is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by the formation of silvery scales and erythematous plaques.
**Option D:** This option is incorrect because vitiligo is associated with autoimmune adrenalitis, including Addison's disease, which is characterized by the destruction of adrenal cortex cells leading to hormonal deficiencies.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Vitiligo often presents with a "bilateral symmetric distribution" pattern, particularly on the face, hands, and feet. This pattern can help distinguish it from other skin conditions.
**Correct Answer: C. Psoriasis**