Which of the following muscle of tongue runs from dorsum of tongue to ventral?
**Core Concept:** The tongue is a muscular organ that plays a crucial role in swallowing, speech, and taste. It consists of two main types of muscles: intrinsic and extrinsic muscles. The extrinsic muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) and originate from the floor of the oral cavity. The intrinsic muscles are responsible for tongue movements and are innervated by the lingual nerve (CN V3).
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** The correct answer, **D**. **Masseter muscle**, is a part of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue, which originate from the floor of the oral cavity and are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). These muscles play a vital role in tongue movement and contribute to various tongue functions.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A. **Mandibular muscle** (Masseter muscle) is incorrect because it belongs to the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). It is not involved in tongue dorsum-to-ventral movement.
B. **Mixture of muscles** is incorrect as it does not specify which muscle is responsible for the dorsum-to-ventral movement of the tongue.
C. **Oral muscle** is incorrect because it is a mixture of muscles that do not specifically pertain to the dorsum-to-ventral movement of the tongue.
**Clinical Pearl:** Understanding the anatomy and function of the tongue muscles is essential for diagnosing and treating speech and swallowing disorders. Proper tongue movement is crucial for proper mastication, deglutition, and speech production.
**Correct Answer:** **D**. **Mixture of muscles** is incorrect because it does not accurately represent the specific muscle responsible for the dorsum-to-ventral movement of the tongue. The dorsum-to-ventral movement of the tongue is primarily achieved by the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, innervated by the lingual nerve (CN V3). These muscles are responsible for various tongue movements, including dorsum-to-ventral movement, but they are not specifically mentioned in the given options.