**Core Concept:** The postpartum period, also known as the third stage of labor, involves the removal of the placenta (expulsion of the placenta), which can lead to uterine atony if proper hemostasis is not achieved. Uterine atony is the absence of uterine contractions and is a common cause of postpartum hemorrhage (excessive bleeding).
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** In this scenario, excessive bleeding after the removal of the placenta is due to uterine atony. Uterine atony occurs when the uterus fails to contract properly and maintain blood vessels constricted, preventing blood loss. In this case, the excessive bleeding is likely caused by the patient's history of multiple pregnancies and deliveries, which may lead to atonic uterus due to tissue damage or weakening of the uterine smooth muscle.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A. Placental abruption: This refers to separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, which is a separate condition from uterine atony and does not directly relate to the number of pregnancies or deliveries.
B. Placenta previa: This refers to a low-lying placenta, which can lead to increased risk of bleeding during delivery but does not directly relate to the number of pregnancies or deliveries and is not the primary cause for uterine atony in this scenario.
C. Placenta accreta: This is an abnormal attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall and can lead to increased bleeding during delivery. However, it does not directly relate to the number of pregnancies or deliveries and is not the primary cause for uterine atony in this scenario.
D. Coagulopathy: Although coagulopathy can contribute to bleeding disorders, it is not a direct cause of uterine atony, especially considering the patient's history of multiple pregnancies and deliveries.
**Clinical Pearl:** Atonic uterus after multiple pregnancies and deliveries is a significant risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage, and healthcare professionals need to be vigilant in managing uterine atony to prevent excessive bleeding and its complications, such as hypovolemic shock and organ failure.
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