In women with ureterovaginal fistula, the follow- ing statements are true except
**Core Concept**
Ureterovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the ureter and the vagina, leading to urinary incontinence and potential complications such as infection and electrolyte imbalance. Understanding the pathophysiology and clinical presentation is crucial for diagnosis and management.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Ureterovaginal fistula typically occurs due to iatrogenic causes during gynecologic surgery, pelvic radiation, or trauma. The most common symptoms include continuous urinary leakage, dysuria, and pelvic pain. The fistula can be diagnosed using imaging studies such as intravenous pyelography (IVP) or computed tomography (CT) scans, which show contrast leakage from the ureter into the vagina.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because ureterovaginal fistula often presents with continuous urinary leakage, not intermittent.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because pelvic radiation is a recognized risk factor for ureterovaginal fistula, not a rare cause.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because the most common symptoms of ureterovaginal fistula include urinary incontinence, dysuria, and pelvic pain, not only urinary incontinence.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that ureterovaginal fistula is a surgical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term complications such as chronic kidney disease and electrolyte imbalances.
**Correct Answer:**
Unfortunately, the options provided are incomplete.