**Core Concept**
The urban malaria scheme is a preventive measure aimed at controlling and eliminating malaria in urban areas. It involves a combination of surveillance, case detection, and vector control strategies to reduce malaria transmission. The scheme is based on a specific approach that targets the primary source of malaria transmission in urban settings.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The urban malaria scheme is based on the concept of **interrupting the transmission cycle of malaria**. This is achieved by identifying and controlling breeding sites of the primary vector, Anopheles mosquito. The scheme focuses on **house-to-house search and surveillance** to detect cases of malaria, and **larval control measures** such as larviciding to eliminate breeding sites. This comprehensive approach helps in reducing malaria transmission and eventually leads to its elimination.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify a particular approach or strategy used in the urban malaria scheme.

**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is a general term that does not relate to the specific approach used in the urban malaria scheme.

**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it refers to a different strategy used in controlling malaria, not the urban malaria scheme.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The urban malaria scheme is an example of a **preventive approach** that targets the primary source of malaria transmission, making it a high-yield fact for medical students.

**Correct Answer:** C.