**Core Concept**
The primary treatment modality for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with resectable disease is surgical resection, which aims to remove the tumor and affected lung tissue. This approach is based on the principle of oncologic surgery, where the goal is to achieve complete resection of the tumor with adequate margins.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The patient's diagnosis of carcinoma of the right lung with two distinct tumor nodules in the upper and middle lobes suggests a localized disease process. Surgical resection, specifically lobectomy or segmentectomy, is the preferred treatment option for patients with early-stage NSCLC who are good candidates for surgery. This approach offers the potential for cure and improved survival rates compared to other modalities. The presence of two tumor nodules in the same lung suggests a possible synchronous bilateral lung cancer, but the primary treatment modality remains surgical resection.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Radiotherapy is a palliative treatment modality used to control symptoms and improve quality of life in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. It is not the primary treatment modality for resectable disease.
**Option B:** Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment modality used to control micrometastatic disease and is often used in conjunction with surgery or as a palliative treatment for advanced disease. It is not the primary treatment modality for resectable NSCLC.
**Option D:** Supportive treatment is a palliative approach that focuses on symptom management and improving quality of life. It is not the primary treatment modality for resectable NSCLC.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) recommends surgical resection as the primary treatment modality for patients with stage I NSCLC, which includes tumors ≤ 4 cm in size and no evidence of lymph node involvement. This guideline highlights the importance of surgical resection in the management of early-stage NSCLC.

**✓ Correct Answer: C. Surgery**