**Core Concept**
The primary modality of treatment for lung cancer depends on the stage and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. In this case, the presence of a large tumor in the upper lobe and a smaller nodule in the middle lobe suggests a need for a multimodal approach.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is surgical resection, which is often the primary modality of treatment for early-stage lung cancer. Surgical resection involves removing the tumor and a portion of the surrounding lung tissue. This approach is often preferred because it offers the potential for cure and can improve quality of life. The presence of a large tumor in the upper lobe and a smaller nodule in the middle lobe suggests that surgical resection is feasible and may be the best option for this patient.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Chemotherapy alone is often used as adjuvant therapy after surgical resection, but it is not typically the primary modality of treatment for early-stage lung cancer.
**Option B:** Radiation therapy may be used as a palliative measure to relieve symptoms, but it is not typically used as the primary modality of treatment for early-stage lung cancer.
**Option C:** Targeted therapy may be used in certain cases of non-small cell lung cancer, but it is not typically the primary modality of treatment for early-stage lung cancer.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The choice of treatment for lung cancer depends on the stage and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. A multidisciplinary approach, involving surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists, is often necessary to determine the best course of treatment.

**Correct Answer:** C. Surgical resection.