**Core Concept**
The ideal age for surgical correction of unilateral undescended testes is a critical decision point in pediatric urology. This decision is based on the optimal timing for maximizing testicular growth and development, minimizing the risk of testicular cancer, and preserving fertility. The optimal age for surgical intervention is typically before the child reaches a certain age, as the risk of testicular cancer increases with age.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends surgical correction of unilateral undescended testes by 12-18 months of age. Early surgical intervention before the child reaches 12-18 months of age is associated with improved testicular growth and development, as well as a reduced risk of testicular cancer. This age range is also believed to minimize the risk of long-term complications, such as infertility and testicular torsion.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Waiting until 24 months of age may lead to decreased testicular growth and development, as well as an increased risk of testicular cancer.
**Option B:** Delaying surgical intervention until 5 years of age may result in decreased fertility and an increased risk of testicular cancer.
**Option C:** Performing surgical correction at birth may not be necessary, as some undescended testes may descend spontaneously within the first few months of life.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that the optimal age for surgical correction may vary depending on the individual child and the underlying cause of the undescended testes. A thorough evaluation by a pediatric urologist is necessary to determine the best course of action.

**Correct Answer: C. 5 years of age is too late for unilateral undescended testes, which should be ideally operated around 12-18 months of age.**