Unilateral renal agenesis is associated with –
**Core Concept**
Unilateral renal agenesis is a congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of one kidney, which can occur in isolation or as part of a more complex syndrome. This condition often results from abnormal kidney development during embryogenesis.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Unilateral renal agenesis is associated with an increased risk of contralateral renal anomalies, including pelvic kidney, ectopic kidney, and ureteropelvic junction obstruction. This is because the development of the two kidneys is closely linked during embryogenesis. The presence of a solitary functioning kidney can also lead to compensatory hypertrophy and increased susceptibility to injury.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Unilateral renal agenesis is not typically associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. While there may be some correlation due to shared genetic factors, it is not a direct consequence of the condition.
**Option B:** Unilateral renal agenesis is not a common cause of hypertension in adults. While it may contribute to renal insufficiency, the relationship between unilateral renal agenesis and hypertension is complex and not well-established.
**Option C:** Unilateral renal agenesis is not typically associated with an increased risk of Wilms tumor. This malignancy is more commonly linked to genetic mutations, such as WT1, and is not a direct consequence of unilateral renal agenesis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Patients with unilateral renal agenesis often present with asymptomatic findings on prenatal ultrasound or during routine childhood evaluation. It is essential to investigate for contralateral renal anomalies and to monitor for signs of renal insufficiency or hypertension.
**Correct Answer: C**. **Unilateral renal agenesis is associated with contralateral renal anomalies, including pelvic kidney, ectopic kidney, and ureteropelvic junction obstruction.**