Type of inheritance in Wilson’s disease?
**Core Concept**
Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of **copper** in the body, particularly in the **liver** and **brain**. This condition is caused by mutations in the **ATP7B gene**, which plays a crucial role in **copper transport** and **excretion**. The underlying principle being tested is the mode of inheritance of this genetic disorder.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Wilson's disease is inherited in an **autosomal recessive** manner, meaning that a person must inherit two defective copies of the **ATP7B gene** (one from each parent) to develop the condition. This mode of inheritance explains why the disease often appears in families with a history of the condition, but can also occur in individuals without a known family history.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because Wilson's disease does not follow an **autosomal dominant** pattern, where only one copy of the defective gene is needed to cause the condition.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because **X-linked inheritance** involves genes on the X chromosome, which is not the case for Wilson's disease.
**Option D:** This option is incorrect because **mitochondrial inheritance** involves genes in the mitochondrial DNA, which is not relevant to Wilson's disease.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that **autosomal recessive** disorders like Wilson's disease can be detected through **genetic screening** and **family history**, allowing for early diagnosis and treatment.
**Correct Answer:** C. Autosomal Recessive