The following statements are true about Tumor suppressor gene p53 except:
**Core Concept**
The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability and preventing cancer by regulating cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and apoptosis. It acts as a transcription factor that modulates the expression of target genes involved in these processes.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Option C is incorrect because the activity of p53 actually **increases** following UV irradiation, not decreases. This is because p53 is activated by DNA damage, including that caused by UV radiation, leading to a cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. This allows time for DNA repair or induces apoptosis if the damage is too severe. The correct answer is wrong because it suggests that p53's activity decreases following UV irradiation, which would promote cell cycle progression and potentially lead to cancer.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This statement is true because p53 regulates certain genes involved in cell cycle regulation, such as p21 and p27, which inhibit cell cycle progression and prevent cancer.
**Option B:** This statement is true because increased levels of p53 can induce apoptosis in damaged cells, preventing them from becoming malignant.
**Option D:** This statement is true because mutations of the p53 gene are the most common genetic alteration seen in human cancer, occurring in approximately 50% of all cancers.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key feature of p53 mutations in cancer is their ability to disrupt the normal feedback loop between p53 and the cell cycle, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.
**✓ Correct Answer: C. Its activity in the cells decreases following UV irradiation and stimulates cell cycle**