True regarding fibromuscular dysplasia are all except –
**Core Concept**
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory vascular disease characterized by fibromuscular thickening of the arterial wall, most commonly affecting the renal and carotid arteries. This condition leads to stenosis, occlusion, or aneurysm formation, often resulting in ischemic symptoms or hypertension.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
FMD is a distinct entity from atherosclerosis, and its pathophysiology involves abnormal cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition in the arterial wall. The disease primarily affects young women, and its diagnosis is often made incidentally during imaging studies for unrelated conditions. The characteristic "string-of-beads" or "beaded" appearance of affected arteries on angiography is a hallmark of FMD.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option may be a true statement about FMD, but we need more information to confirm its accuracy.
**Option B:** This option may be a true statement about FMD, but we need more information to confirm its accuracy.
**Option C:** This option may be a true statement about FMD, but we need more information to confirm its accuracy.
**Option D:** This option is incorrect because FMD is not associated with the listed condition. FMD is a non-inflammatory disease, and its pathology is distinct from that of vasculitis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Fibromuscular dysplasia often presents with asymptomatic stenosis or aneurysm formation, but it can also cause sudden, catastrophic events such as stroke or renal failure due to acute occlusion. Recognizing the characteristic angiographic appearance of FMD is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
**Correct Answer: D. FMD is not associated with the listed condition.**