True regarding crohn’s disease are A/E ?
**Core Concept**
Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. It is a T-cell mediated autoimmune response, with genetic predisposition and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus, but most commonly affects the terminal ileum and the beginning of the colon. The inflammation is transmural, meaning it extends through all layers of the bowel wall, leading to complications like fistulas, abscesses, and bowel obstruction. The disease is often associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, especially in patients with long-standing disease.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Crohn's disease is a type of viral gastroenteritis. **Incorrect**, as Crohn's disease is an autoimmune condition, not a viral infection.
**Option B:** Crohn's disease primarily affects the small intestine. **Partially correct**, but not entirely; Crohn's disease can affect any part of the GI tract, not just the small intestine.
**Option C:** Crohn's disease is caused by a bacterial infection. **Incorrect**, as the exact cause of Crohn's disease is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and an abnormal immune response.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Crohn's disease is associated with an increased risk of extraintestinal manifestations, including arthritis, dermatitis, and eye inflammation, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive evaluation and management plan.
**Correct Answer:** B. Crohn's disease can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus, but most commonly affects the terminal ileum and the beginning of the colon.