True regarding autism is: September 2009
**Core Concept**
Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behavior patterns. The exact cause of autism remains unknown, but it is believed to involve genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the diagnostic criteria for autism. In 2009, the American Psychiatric Association published the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which introduced significant changes to the diagnostic criteria for autism. One of the key changes was the elimination of subtypes (e.g., Autistic Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified) and the introduction of a single spectrum disorder. This change emphasized the diversity of symptoms and severity levels within the autism spectrum.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately reflect a significant change in the diagnostic criteria for autism. While the DSM-5 did introduce changes, the elimination of subtypes was a notable aspect of the revision.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is not a well-established diagnostic criterion for autism. While social interaction difficulties are a core feature of autism, this option does not accurately capture the essence of the diagnostic criteria.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is not a recognized aspect of the diagnostic criteria for autism. While repetitive behavior patterns are a characteristic of autism, this option does not accurately reflect the changes introduced in the DSM-5.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to remember that autism is a spectrum disorder, and individuals with autism may exhibit a wide range of symptoms and severity levels. The elimination of subtypes in the DSM-5 emphasizes the need for a more nuanced and individualized approach to diagnosis and treatment.
**Correct Answer:**
None provided, as the options were not given.