**Question:** True about schizophrenia

A. Schizophrenia is a complex neurological disorder affecting cognitive, emotional, and social functioning.
B. It is characterized by positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, and negative symptoms like emotional flattening and social withdrawal.
C. The disorder is caused by a single genetic mutation.
D. Schizophrenia is considered a rare condition, affecting only a small percentage of the population.

**Core Concept:** Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting cognitive, emotional, and social functioning. It is a complex condition with a multifactorial etiology, involving both genetic and environmental factors.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder characterized by a combination of positive and negative symptoms. Positive symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, reflect abnormal perception and thought processes. Negative symptoms, like emotional flattening and social withdrawal, indicate the loss of normal function.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A. The statement about schizophrenia being a single genetic mutation is incorrect. Schizophrenia results from the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors, making it a complex disorder.
B. While schizophrenia does involve both positive and negative symptoms, the statement about hallucinations being the primary feature is not entirely accurate. Hallucinations are a part of the positive symptoms, but they do not define the entire disorder.
C. Schizophrenia is not a rare condition; it affects a significant portion of the population, with an estimated prevalence of about 1% globally.
D. Environmental factors, such as prenatal infections, have been linked to an increased risk for schizophrenia development, but it is not the sole cause.

**Clinical Pearl:** Understanding the complexity of schizophrenia is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disorder involving interactions between genes and environmental factors, not a result of a single genetic mutation or a rare condition.