True about peripheral blood smear of plasmodium vivax?
**Core Concept**
Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax is characterized by its distinctive peripheral blood smear features, which are crucial for diagnosis. The species-specific morphology of P. vivax parasites is essential for identification, particularly in the context of relapse or recrudescence.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The peripheral blood smear of Plasmodium vivax typically shows small, ring-form trophozoites, often with a single dot or ring in the red blood cell. These parasites are usually smaller than those of P. falciparum, measuring approximately 2-3 μm in diameter. The trophozoites of P. vivax have a characteristic Schüffner's dots, which are small, dark, and rounded stippling within the erythrocytes, distinguishing them from other malaria species. Additionally, the gametocytes of P. vivax are larger and more elongated, often with a characteristic 'head and tail' appearance.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the distinctive morphology of P. vivax parasites in the peripheral blood smear.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it fails to mention the characteristic Schüffner's dots, which are a hallmark of P. vivax infection.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it inaccurately describes the size and morphology of P. vivax trophozoites.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When evaluating a peripheral blood smear for malaria, it is essential to consider the species-specific morphology of the parasites, as this information can inform treatment decisions and guide further investigation.
**Correct Answer: B. The peripheral blood smear of Plasmodium vivax typically shows small, ring-form trophozoites with Schüffner's dots, and larger, elongated gametocytes with a 'head and tail' appearance.**