True about pathophysiology of uterine fibroid is
**Core Concept**
Uterine fibroids, also known as **leiomyomas**, are benign tumors that arise from the smooth muscle layer of the uterus. The pathophysiology of uterine fibroids involves **estrogen** and **progesterone** receptors, which play a crucial role in their growth and development.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the fact that uterine fibroids have **estrogen** and **progesterone** receptors, which stimulate their growth. The **mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)** pathway and **transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)** are also involved in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the pathophysiology of uterine fibroids.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as it is unrelated to the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is not a known factor in the development of uterine fibroids.
**Option D:** This option is incorrect as it is not relevant to the pathophysiology of uterine fibroids.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Uterine fibroids are a common cause of **menorrhagia** and **pelvic pain** in women of reproductive age.
**Correct Answer:** D. Estrogen and progesterone stimulate growth of fibroid.