True about minimal change disease is:
**Core Concept**
Minimal change disease is a type of nephrotic syndrome characterized by the loss of foot processes of podocytes in the glomerulus, leading to massive proteinuria. This condition is often associated with a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is typically responsive to corticosteroid therapy.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Minimal change disease is named for the minimal changes seen in the glomeruli under light microscopy, but the disease is actually characterized by significant alterations in the podocyte structure. The loss of foot processes in podocytes leads to the disruption of the glomerular filtration barrier, resulting in the massive proteinuria seen in this condition. The exact mechanism of minimal change disease is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve immune complex deposition and activation of the complement system.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because minimal change disease is not associated with a significant decrease in GFR, unlike other forms of nephrotic syndrome.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because minimal change disease is not typically characterized by the presence of crescents in the glomeruli, which are more commonly seen in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because minimal change disease is not typically associated with a significant increase in serum creatinine levels, unlike other forms of kidney disease.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's worth noting that minimal change disease is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, but it can also occur in adults. The condition is often responsive to corticosteroid therapy, but relapses can occur, and long-term management may be necessary.
**Correct Answer:** C.