True about giant cell arteritis include the following except –
**Core Concept**
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large vessel vasculitis that primarily affects the aorta and its major branches, particularly the temporal artery. It is characterized by **inflammation** of the vessel wall, leading to **ischemic complications**. The condition is often associated with **polymyalgia rheumatica**.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer choice is not provided, so a general explanation of GCA is given. GCA involves **immune cells**, including **T cells** and **macrophages**, which form **granulomas** with **giant cells**. This process leads to **vascular stenosis** or **occlusion**, resulting in symptoms such as **headache**, **jaw claudication**, and **visual disturbances**.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Without the specific option, it's challenging to provide a detailed explanation.
**Option B:** Similarly, without the option, it's hard to determine why it's incorrect.
**Option C:** This option would be incorrect if it stated something like "GCA typically affects small vessels," which contradicts the fact that GCA is a large vessel vasculitis.
**Option D:** This option might be incorrect if it suggested that GCA is not associated with an elevated **erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)**, which is a common laboratory finding in GCA patients.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that GCA can lead to **permanent vision loss** if not promptly treated with **corticosteroids**. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent this complication.
**Correct Answer:** Correct Answer: D. Involves small vessels.