True about diabetes in pregnancy :
**Core Concept**
The question is testing knowledge on the physiological and clinical aspects of diabetes in pregnancy, a condition known as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This condition is characterized by the onset of hyperglycemia during pregnancy, leading to insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
GDM is associated with an increased risk of maternal and fetal complications, including macrosomia, preterm labor, and preeclampsia. The pathophysiology involves insulin resistance due to placental hormones, such as human placental lactogen, which increases glucose production in the liver and decreases glucose uptake in the mother's tissues. This leads to a compensatory increase in insulin production, but often the pancreas cannot keep up with the demand, resulting in hyperglycemia.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is likely incorrect because it does not provide a specific statement about diabetes in pregnancy.
* **Option B:** This option might be incorrect because it does not accurately describe the pathophysiology of GDM.
* **Option C:** This option is likely incorrect because it does not provide a relevant or accurate statement about diabetes in pregnancy.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key aspect of managing GDM is early detection and treatment to prevent maternal and fetal complications. Screening for GDM typically involves a 50-g glucose challenge test between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, followed by a 100-g glucose tolerance test for those with abnormal results.
**Correct Answer: D.**