True about composition of low osmolar ORS is
**Core Concept**
Low osmolar oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a type of IV fluid used to treat dehydration caused by diarrhea, vomiting, or other conditions. The composition of low osmolar ORS is designed to closely match the concentration of electrolytes and glucose found in the human body, promoting effective rehydration without causing further fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Low osmolar ORS contains a combination of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), trisodium citrate dihydrate (TSC), and glucose. The sodium concentration is approximately 75 mmol/L, and the glucose concentration is about 75 mmol/L. The addition of TSC helps to reduce the osmolarity of the solution, making it more effective in rehydrating the body without causing hypernatremia or other electrolyte disturbances. The citrate component also helps to bind calcium ions, reducing the risk of hypocalcemia.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option may contain incorrect electrolyte concentrations or glucose levels that are not in line with the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended composition for low osmolar ORS.
* **Option B:** This option might suggest that low osmolar ORS does not contain TSC, which is a crucial component in reducing the osmolarity of the solution.
* **Option C:** This option may propose an incorrect sodium or glucose concentration that would lead to fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Remember the composition of low osmolar ORS: 75 mmol/L sodium, 75 mmol/L glucose, and the addition of TSC to reduce osmolarity. This will help you to effectively manage dehydration in patients and avoid electrolyte disturbances.
**Correct Answer:** C.