True about bipolar disorder type II is-
**Core Concept**
Bipolar disorder type II is a mood disorder characterized by the presence of both depressive and hypomanic episodes, but without the full-blown manic episodes seen in bipolar disorder type I. The disorder is marked by periods of elevated mood that do not meet the full criteria for mania.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The key feature of bipolar disorder type II is the occurrence of hypomanic episodes, which are less severe than manic episodes but still significantly impair functioning. Hypomanic episodes in bipolar disorder type II are often accompanied by decreased need for sleep, increased talkativeness, and a reduced need for sleep, but these symptoms are less severe than those seen in mania. The depressive episodes in bipolar disorder type II can be severe and are often the primary reason for seeking medical attention.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because bipolar disorder type II is characterized by hypomanic episodes, not just any type of elevated mood.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because bipolar disorder type II does not involve full-blown manic episodes, which are a hallmark of bipolar disorder type I.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because while depressive episodes are common in bipolar disorder type II, they are not the defining feature of the disorder.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that the distinction between bipolar disorder type I and type II can be challenging, and some patients may experience a mix of symptoms that don't fit neatly into one category. A careful evaluation of the patient's symptoms and history is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis.
**Correct Answer: D.**