True about acanthosis nigricans
Correct Answer: All of the above
Description: ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS Classification * Hereditary AN * HAIR-AN syndrome: Several endocrine disorders associated. HyperAndrogenism, Insulin Resistance and Acanthosis Nigricans. * Benign acquired AN: Obesity associated. Earlier called pseudo AN. * Drug-induced AN: Nicotinic acid, stilbestrol, coicosteroids, oral contraceptives. * Malignant AN: Adenocarcinoma of stomach and genitourinary tract. Clinical Features Morphology:- Begins as hyperpigmentation and area appears diy. Gradually, skin thickens and becomes velvety. Surface of skin appears rugose and mammillated. The edge of lesion feathered. Sites of predilection:- Neck, axillae, and groins frequently. Other flexures (antecubital and popliteal fossae, face sometimes; submammary folds, wrists less frequently. Associations:- Depends on type of AN: * HAIR- AN syndrome: Several endocrine disorders associated. Insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, hyperandrogenic states, Cushing's syndrome * Benign acquired AN: Skin tags in the major flexures. * Malignant AN: Several associations: Tripe palms, Mucosal involvement, Severe itching. Investigations Rule out:- Underlying endocrinopathies. Underlying malignancies. Treatment:- Retinoic acid (0.025%) topically, response often unsatisfactory. Ref:- Neena khanna; pg num:- 37,38
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