Folic acid required in first trimester of pregnancy in a women with a history of NTD is :
**Core Concept**
Folic acid supplementation is crucial in the first trimester of pregnancy, especially in women with a history of neural tube defects (NTDs), to prevent recurrence and ensure proper fetal development.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Folic acid (vitamin B9) plays a vital role in the synthesis of nucleic acids, amino acids, and neurotransmitters. It is essential for the development of the fetal nervous system, particularly in the formation of the neural tube. Women with a history of NTDs are at a higher risk of recurrence, and folic acid supplementation has been shown to significantly reduce this risk. The recommended dosage is 4 mg/day, starting at least 1 month before conception and continuing through the first trimester.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify the correct dosage or timing of folic acid supplementation. While folic acid is essential, the dosage and timing are critical for preventing NTDs.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it does not address the specific risk of NTD recurrence in women with a history of NTDs. Folic acid supplementation is not sufficient to prevent all birth defects.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it mentions a different vitamin (vitamin B12) that is also essential for fetal development but not specifically related to NTD prevention.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Folic acid supplementation should start at least 1 month before conception and continue through the first trimester to prevent neural tube defects in women with a history of NTDs.
**Correct Answer:** A. 4 mg/day