Triad of congenital toxoplasmosis is all except
**Core Concept**
Congenital toxoplasmosis is a condition where the parasite Toxoplasma gondii is transmitted from the mother to the fetus during pregnancy. The triad of congenital toxoplasmosis refers to the classic combination of clinical features that are commonly seen in affected infants.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The triad of congenital toxoplasmosis typically includes hydrocephalus (an accumulation of fluid in the brain leading to increased intracranial pressure), chorioretinitis (inflammation of the choroid and retina in the eye), and intracranial calcifications (calcium deposits in the brain). These features are due to the parasite's ability to infect and damage the developing brain and eyes of the fetus.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is not part of the classic triad of congenital toxoplasmosis. While seizures can be a feature of the condition, they are not typically included in the triad.
* **Option B:** This option is not part of the classic triad of congenital toxoplasmosis. While microcephaly (a small head size) can be a feature of the condition, it is not typically included in the triad.
* **Option C:** This option is not part of the classic triad of congenital toxoplasmosis. While hepatosplenomegaly (enlargement of the liver and spleen) can be a feature of the condition, it is not typically included in the triad.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that the triad of congenital toxoplasmosis is not always present in affected infants, and the severity of the condition can vary widely. However, when the triad is present, it is a strong indicator of congenital toxoplasmosis.
**Correct Answer:** A.