Non venereal treponemas is/are-a) T. pertenueb) T. carateumc) T. pallidumd) T. cuniculi

**Core Concept**
Non-venereal treponematoses are a group of diseases caused by different species of the genus Treponema, which are spiral-shaped bacteria. These diseases are primarily transmitted through skin-to-skin contact and are characterized by skin lesions and other systemic manifestations.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is **T. pertenue**, which is the causative agent of yaws, a non-venereal treponematosis. Yaws is a tropical disease that primarily affects children and is characterized by the formation of skin lesions, known as mother yaw, which can progress to more severe forms of the disease if left untreated. The disease is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual, typically through minor cuts or abrasions.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** T. pertenue is correct, so this option is skipped.
**Option B:** T. carateum is the causative agent of pinta, another non-venereal treponematosis, but it is not the primary answer choice.
**Option C:** T. pallidum is the causative agent of syphilis, which is a venereal disease, not a non-venereal treponematosis.
**Option D:** T. cuniculi is not a valid species of Treponema and is not associated with any known disease.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that non-venereal treponematoses are primarily transmitted through skin-to-skin contact and can be prevented through proper hygiene and education. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing long-term complications and transmission to others.

**Correct Answer: B. T. carateum**