Drug of choice for treatment of malaria due to P. vivax in a 25 year old pregnant female is :
## **Core Concept**
The treatment of malaria in pregnancy, particularly due to *Plasmodium vivax*, requires careful consideration of both the efficacy of the antimalarial drugs and their safety profiles for both the mother and the fetus. The management strategy often hinges on the gestational age and the severity of the disease.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Chloroquine is generally considered safe and effective for the treatment of *P. vivax* malaria in pregnant women, particularly in areas where resistance has not been reported. It acts by interfering with the detoxification of heme in the parasite, ultimately leading to the death of the parasite. The safety profile of chloroquine in pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, makes it a preferred choice. Additionally, for *P. vivax*, radical cure with primaquine is usually deferred until after delivery due to the risk of hemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient fetuses.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Although artesunate is a highly effective drug against severe malaria and is considered safe in pregnancy for severe cases, it is not the first-line treatment for uncomplicated *P. vivax* malaria. Its use is more critical in severe malaria or when there's resistance to other drugs.
* **Option B:** Mefloquine can be used in pregnancy but is usually reserved for areas with resistance to other drugs and is not the first choice for *P. vivax* due to its side effect profile and the availability of safer alternatives.
* **Option D:** Primaquine is contraindicated in pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, due to the risk of hemolysis in a G6PD-deficient fetus. It is used for radical cure of *P. vivax* but not during pregnancy.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that while chloroquine is used for the treatment of *P. vivax* malaria in pregnancy, primaquine, which is used for the radical cure of *P. vivax* (to eliminate liver stages), is typically avoided until after delivery. Pregnant women with *P. vivax* malaria should be followed up after delivery for possible treatment with primaquine.
## **Correct Answer:** . Chloroquine.