All of these are the adverse effects of naloxone in the treatment of opioid poisoning except:
**Core Concept**
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose, acting on the μ-opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Adverse effects of naloxone can occur due to its rapid reversal of opioid-induced effects, leading to withdrawal symptoms in individuals dependent on opioids.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Naloxone's adverse effects are primarily due to its reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression. This can lead to **precipitous withdrawal symptoms** in individuals physically dependent on opioids, including **hypertension**, **tachycardia**, **diaphoresis**, and **seizures**. The rapid onset of action of naloxone can also lead to **rebound hypotension**, especially in individuals with pre-existing hypovolemia or cardiovascular instability.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Incorrect because **nausea and vomiting** are common adverse effects of naloxone, likely due to its central nervous system stimulation and reversal of opioid-induced gastrointestinal effects.
**Option B:** Incorrect because **seizures** are a known adverse effect of naloxone, particularly in individuals with a history of seizure disorders or those who have ingested high doses of opioids.
**Option C:** Incorrect because **local skin reactions** can occur with naloxone administration, especially when administered intravenously or subcutaneously.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In patients with a history of opioid dependence, it is essential to administer naloxone in a controlled setting with close monitoring, as the rapid reversal of opioid effects can lead to severe withdrawal symptoms.
**Correct Answer:** D.