**Question:** Treatment of human brucellosis include following EXCEPT-

A. Penicillin
B. Nitrofurantoin
C. Streptomycin
D. Azithromycin

**Core Concept:**
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by bacteria from the Brucella genus, primarily affecting livestock and humans. It is transmitted through consumption of contaminated food products or direct contact with infected animals. The management of human brucellosis involves a combination of antibiotics to cover both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**
The correct answer (B. Nitrofurantoin) is not appropriate for treating brucellosis because it is primarily used in the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Brucellosis requires a combination of antibiotics that cover both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, such as doxycycline or streptomycin in conjunction with either rifampicin or rifampicin and gentamicin.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A. Penicillin is not effective against Gram-positive bacteria, such as those causing brucellosis.
C. Streptomycin is effective against Gram-positive bacteria, but it is not part of the standard treatment regimen for brucellosis due to potential side effects and a high relapse rate.
D. Azithromycin is effective against Gram-positive bacteria, but it is not a first-line choice due to its narrow spectrum and potential side effects.

**Clinical Pearl:**
The standard treatment for human brucellosis is a combination of doxycycline or rifampicin with either rifampicin and gentamicin or streptomycin. These antibiotics cover the broad spectrum of bacteria involved in brucellosis, ensuring better clinical outcomes and lower relapse rates.