**Question:** The most common complication of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) -

A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hematuria
D. Urinary retention

**Correct Answer:** D. Urinary retention

**Core Concept:** Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) is a surgical procedure used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition where the prostate gland enlarges and presses on the urethra, leading to urinary retention and symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and weak urine stream.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Urinary retention is the most common complication of TURP because the procedure involves cutting and coagulating the enlarged prostate tissue. This can lead to increased intraprostatic pressure, impaired bladder emptying, and ultimately, urinary retention post-surgery.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. Hyponatremia (low sodium levels): Although TURP can cause electrolyte imbalances, hyponatremia is less common than hypokalemia or hypocalcemia due to the use of mannitol during the procedure to prevent intraoperative hyponatremia.

B. Hypokalemia (low potassium levels): Similar to hyponatremia, hypokalemia is less common than hypocalcemia. The use of mannitol counteracts the risk of hypokalemia during TURP.

C. Hematuria (blood in urine): Although some blood may be seen in the urine post-procedure, hematuria is not the primary complication of TURP, as it is a surgical procedure, not a cause of hematuria.

**Clinical Pearl:** Adequate preoperative preparation, including electrolyte replacement and patient selection, helps minimize the risk of complications in TURP surgeries. Post-operative management, including close monitoring and timely intervention for complications, is also essential for successful recovery.