**Core Concept**
Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is a surgical procedure used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by removing a portion of the prostate gland. The procedure involves the use of a resectoscope to cut and remove the excess prostate tissue. As a result, various complications can arise from this procedure, including bleeding, infection, and urinary incontinence.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The most common complication of TURP is **transurethral resection syndrome (TURS)**, also known as **transurethral resection syndrome with TURP syndrome**. TURS occurs when the irrigation fluid used during the procedure is absorbed into the bloodstream, leading to a shift in electrolytes and fluid balance. This can cause a range of symptoms, including headache, nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances. The syndrome is thought to occur when the irrigation fluid, typically a glycine or sorbitol solution, is absorbed into the bloodstream, causing a dilutional coagulopathy and a decrease in serum sodium levels.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** TURP-induced urinary incontinence can occur, but it is not the most common complication.
**Option B:** Postoperative hemorrhage is a potential complication, but it is not the most common.
**Option C:** Bladder injury is a possible complication, but it is not the most common.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
To minimize the risk of TURS, it is essential to carefully monitor the patient's fluid balance and electrolyte levels during and after the procedure. Additionally, using a diuretic to promote fluid loss can help prevent the absorption of irrigation fluid into the bloodstream.

**Correct Answer:** D.