Snover’s triad in acute cellular rejection of liver transplantation includes all of the following except –
**Core Concept**
Snover's triad is a clinical and histopathological sign of acute cellular rejection in liver transplantation. It consists of three key components that indicate immune-mediated damage to the transplanted liver. The underlying mechanism involves T-cell mediated immune response against the graft.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Snover's triad includes:
- **Portal tract inflammation**: This is a hallmark of acute cellular rejection, characterized by infiltration of T lymphocytes and other immune cells into the portal tracts of the liver.
- **Bile duct damage**: The bile ducts are often damaged or destroyed in acute cellular rejection, leading to cholestasis and other complications.
- **Interface hepatitis**: This refers to inflammation of the interface between the liver parenchyma and the bile ducts, which is a key feature of acute cellular rejection.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Not mentioned in Snover's triad.
**Option B:** While fibrosis is a common feature of chronic rejection, it is not a component of Snover's triad.
**Option C:** Not mentioned in Snover's triad.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Snover's triad is a classic example of the immune-mediated damage that can occur in liver transplantation. Recognizing this triad is crucial for diagnosing acute cellular rejection and initiating appropriate treatment.
**Correct Answer:** C.