**Core Concept**
The Human Organ Transplantation Act, 2014 in India prescribes strict penalties for medical professionals involved in illegal organ transplantation, focusing on the misuse of human organs for financial gain or unauthorized procedures. The law emphasizes the protection of human dignity and the prevention of organ trafficking.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Section 3 of the Human Organ Transplantation (HOT) Act, 2014 specifies that any medical practitioner who conducts a transplant without authorization or for improper motives, including financial gain, shall face imprisonment for a term of **2 to 5 years**. This penalty applies specifically to doctors involved in unauthorized or illegal transplants, ensuring accountability while maintaining medical ethics and legal compliance.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
Option A: < 1 year – This is too lenient and does not reflect the severity of unauthorized organ transplantation, which violates both medical ethics and the law.
Option B: 5 years – This applies to more severe offenses like organized crime or trafficking, not routine unauthorized transplants by doctors under the Act.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Under the HOT Act, **any unauthorized transplant or use of organs for commercial purposes** is a criminal offense, and doctors must ensure all transplants are performed only through notified transplant centers with proper consent and documentation.

✓ Correct Answer: C. 2-5 years