All are transmitted by blood except aEUR’
**Core Concept**
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is primarily transmitted through saliva, mucus, and other bodily fluids, but not through the blood. This is in contrast to the other options, which are classified as blood-borne pathogens.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Epstein-Barr virus is primarily spread through oral secretions, such as saliva, during close contact with an infected person. This can occur through kissing, sharing utensils, or other activities that involve direct contact with the mouth. The virus can also be spread through mucus and other bodily fluids. The transmission of EBV through blood is not a significant mode of transmission, unlike the other options listed. The virus can be detected in the blood of infected individuals, but this is not the primary route of transmission.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Parvovirus B-19 is a blood-borne pathogen that can be transmitted through blood transfusions and organ transplants. It is also known to cause the Fifth disease, a common childhood illness.
**Option B:** Hepatitis G is a blood-borne pathogen that is transmitted through blood transfusions and needle-sharing. It is a member of the Flaviviridae family and is known to cause liver disease.
**Option D:** Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a blood-borne pathogen that can be transmitted through blood transfusions, organ transplants, and from mother to child during pregnancy. It is a common cause of congenital infections and can cause significant morbidity in immunocompromised individuals.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that while EBV is primarily spread through saliva, it can still be detected in the blood of infected individuals. This is because the virus can infect various cells throughout the body, including those in the blood.
**Correct Answer:**
β Correct Answer: C. Epstein Bar virus