Translocation of t(8: 14) is characteristic of :
**Core Concept:**
T(8:14) translocation refers to a genetic abnormality where chromosomes 8 and 14 swap segments, resulting in a fusion gene. This is a type of chromosomal rearrangement, which can lead to the development of certain types of leukemia and lymphomas. In this case, the chromosomes involved are 8 and 14, hence the name "t(8:14)".
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**
T(8:14) translocation is specific to a particular disorder called Burkitt lymphoma, a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The fusion gene formed due to this chromosomal rearrangement leads to uncontrolled cell division and proliferation of B-cells, resulting in the development of Burkitt lymphoma.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A. T(9:22) translocation is related to Philadelphia chromosome, which occurs in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL). The fusion gene formed in this case is BCR-ABL, which is not relevant to the current question.
B. T(14;22) translocation is associated with a different disorder, not Burkitt lymphoma. The fusion gene formed in this case is not relevant to the current question.
C. T(8;14) translocation is another type of chromosomal rearrangement, but it is not specific to Burkitt lymphoma. The fusion gene formed in this case is not relevant to the current question.
D. T(8;14) translocation is another type of chromosomal rearrangement, but it is not specific to Burkitt lymphoma. The fusion gene formed in this case is not relevant to the current question.
E. T(8;22) translocation is associated with a different disorder, not Burkitt lymphoma. The fusion gene formed in this case is not relevant to the current question.
**Clinical Pearl:**
Burkitt lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that primarily affects children and young adults. It is characterized by the presence of the t(8:14) translocation, which leads to the formation of the MYC and IGH genes fusion protein. This protein promotes uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, leading to the development of Burkitt lymphoma.
**Correct Answer:**
D. T(8:14) translocation is the correct answer because it is the specific chromosomal rearrangement associated with the formation of the MYC and IGH genes fusion protein in Burkitt lymphoma. This fusion protein leads to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, resulting in the development of Burkitt lymphoma.