**Question:** In Burkitt's lymphoma, translocation seen is chromosome -

A. 14q32
B. 2q23
C. 8p12
D. 8q24

**Core Concept:**
Burkitt's lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by fast-growing B-cell malignancy. It was first described by Dennis Burkitt in 1958 and is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The disease occurs in three clinical subtypes: endemic (African), sporadic (non-African), and immunodeficiency-associated (e.g., in AIDS patients).

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**
Burkitt's lymphoma is characterized by a specific chromosomal translocation. In the endemic subtype, the translocation involves chromosomes 8 and 14 (t(8;14)(q24;q32)). This translocation leads to the overexpression of the c-myc oncogene, which contributes to the rapid cell division and uncontrolled growth seen in Burkitt's lymphoma.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. Chromosome 2q23 (t(2;14)(q23;q32)) is associated with the translocation seen in the immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma subtype. This subtype is different from the endemic subtype and has a different translocation.

B. Chromosome 8p12 is associated with the translocation seen in the sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma subtype (t(8;14)(p11.2;q32)). This subtype is different from the endemic subtype and has a different translocation.

C. Chromosome 8q24 is associated with the translocation seen in the c-myc oncogene amplification, which is different from the endemic subtype. However, the correct answer is chromosome 8q24 (c-myc oncogene amplification) rather than the whole chromosome.

D. Chromosome 14q32 is associated with the translocation seen in the immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma subtype (t(8;14)(q24;q32)), which is different from the endemic subtype and has a different translocation.

**Clinical Pearls:**

1. The endemic subtype of Burkitt's lymphoma is found in Africa and is associated with malaria infection. The translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32) results in the c-myc oncogene amplification, which leads to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation.
2. The sporadic subtype is more common in non-African populations and is associated with the translocation t(8;14)(p11.2;q32), which involves the c-myc oncogene and results in its overexpression.
3. The immunodeficiency-associated subtype is