The distinct golden colour in transgenic Golden rice is due to presence of –
**Core Concept**
The distinct golden color in transgenic Golden rice is a result of genetic modification that introduces a specific pigment, which is responsible for its characteristic appearance. This modification is aimed at increasing the beta-carotene content in rice, a precursor to vitamin A, to combat vitamin A deficiency in developing countries.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The golden color in Golden rice is due to the presence of beta-carotene, a carotenoid pigment that is produced by the introduction of the bacterial gene _B. subtilis_ xanthophyll synthase (crtI) and phytoene synthase (psy) genes from the daffodil and the bacterium Erwinia uredovora. These genes enable the rice plant to convert glucose into beta-carotene, which is then stored in the endosperm, giving it a golden color. The beta-carotene produced in Golden rice is a precursor to vitamin A, making it a vital source of nutrition for people, especially in regions where vitamin A deficiency is common.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not mention the specific pigment responsible for the golden color in Golden rice.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the genetic modification involved in creating Golden rice.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because it does not specify the carotenoid pigment responsible for the golden color.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Golden rice is a genetically modified crop that aims to combat vitamin A deficiency in developing countries, which can lead to night blindness, impaired immune function, and increased mortality. The development of Golden rice highlights the potential of genetic engineering in improving crop yields and nutritional content.
**Correct Answer:** C. beta-carotene.