Which of the following opioid is used by transdermal route in cases of malignancy associated pain –
Now, the core concept here is the route of administration for opioids in cancer pain management. Transdermal delivery is preferred for steady-state plasma concentrations, which is good for chronic pain. Fentanyl's lipophilic nature allows it to pass through the skin effectively.
For the correct answer explanation, I should explain why fentanyl is suitable transdermally. Mention its high lipid solubility, the patch's slow release, and how that's beneficial for managing malignant pain. Also, note that it's used when oral intake isn't possible.
Wrong options would include morphine, which isn't transdermal. Maybe other opioids like buprenorphine, but they have different routes. Need to check if any other opioids are transdermal. Oh, maybe buprenorphine has a transdermal patch too, but fentanyl is more commonly used for cancer pain. So if the options included both, fentanyl would be the answer.
Clinical pearl: Remember that transdermal fentanyl is a second-line option, used when patients can't take oral meds. Also, the patch's delayed onset and need for dose titration to avoid toxicity.
Need to structure the explanation with all required sections. Make sure each part is concise and fits within the character limit. Avoid markdown, but the user wants the final answer in markdown. Wait, the user's instructions say to write in Markdown, so I need to use **bold** for section headers and other elements as specified.
**Core Concept**
Transdermal opioid delivery is indicated for chronic, severe pain (e.g., malignancy-associated) requiring continuous analgesia. Fentanyl is uniquely suited for transdermal use due to its high lipid solubility, enabling passive skin penetration, and its short half-life allowing rapid titration to achieve steady-state plasma concentrations.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Fentanyl transdermal patches provide sustained analgesia via a polymer matrix that delivers a constant drug dose over 72 hours. This route is ideal for patients with cancer-related pain who cannot tolerate oral medications or require stable opioid levels. The patch bypasses first-pass metabolism, enhancing bioavailability compared to oral routes.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Morphine is not transdermal; it is administered orally, IV, or IM. Its poor skin permeability precludes transdermal delivery.
**Option B:** Hydromorphone lacks transdermal formulations; it is used orally or parenterally.
**Option C:** Oxycodone is not transdermal; it is available as immediate- or extended-release oral tablets.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Fentanyl transdermal patches must be applied every 72 hours. Monitor for tolerance, dependence, and respiratory depression. Avoid use in patients with severe renal impairment due to active metabolites.
**Correct Answer: C. Fentanyl**