Transamination reaction isa) Net deamination with splitting of NH3 b) α-ketoglutarate is NH2 donorc) Transaminase enzyme & pyridoxal PO4 binding is covalentd) Glutamate is formede) Non reversible pingpong reaction

**Core Concept**
Transamination is a key biochemical reaction that involves the transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to a keto acid, resulting in the formation of a new amino acid and a new keto acid. This reaction is crucial in amino acid metabolism and plays a significant role in nitrogen balance and energy production.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Transamination is a reversible reaction that involves the transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to a keto acid, facilitated by transaminase enzymes. The reaction involves the formation of a covalent intermediate between the transaminase enzyme and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), which is a coenzyme derived from vitamin B6. The enzyme uses PLP to facilitate the transfer of the amino group, and this process is known as a ping-pong reaction, as the enzyme undergoes a conformational change to release the amino group and regenerate its active site.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Incorrect because transamination is not a net deamination reaction, as it involves the transfer of an amino group from one compound to another, rather than the removal of an amino group.
* **Option B:** Incorrect because α-ketoglutarate is not typically an amino group donor in transamination reactions; rather, it is a keto acid that can accept an amino group.
* **Option C:** Incorrect because the binding between transaminase enzyme and pyridoxal phosphate is not covalent; rather, it involves a Schiff base intermediate.
* **Option D:** Incorrect because glutamate is not directly involved in the transamination reaction as described; however, it can be formed through transamination reactions involving other amino acids.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Transamination reactions are essential for maintaining nitrogen balance and energy production in the body, particularly during periods of high protein turnover or when amino acid metabolism is altered. This knowledge is crucial for understanding various metabolic disorders and the effects of nutritional deficiencies on human health.

**Correct Answer: C. Transaminase enzyme & pyridoxal PO4 binding is covalent.**