A 45-year old male has an acute attack of vertigo, vomiting and ataxia. The most likely diagnosis is Thrombosis of
## **Core Concept**
The question tests knowledge of **vestibular pathway** and **cerebellar** anatomy and their relationship with vertigo, vomiting, and ataxia. The symptoms described are characteristic of a lesion in the posterior circulation of the brain, specifically affecting the **cerebellum** and its connections.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, **. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)**, is right because the PICA supplies the **inferior surface of the cerebellum**. Thrombosis of this artery can lead to symptoms such as **vertigo**, **vomiting**, and **ataxia** due to the involvement of the cerebellar structures and its connections with the vestibular nuclei and pathways. The PICA is a branch of the **vertebral artery**, which is part of the posterior circulation.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Thrombosis of the **Anterior Cerebral Artery** would more likely cause symptoms related to the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes, such as weakness or sensory deficits in the lower limbs, rather than vertigo and ataxia.
* **Option B:** Thrombosis of the **Middle Cerebral Artery** typically causes symptoms such as contralateral hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, and homonymous hemianopia, not vertigo and ataxia.
* **Option D:** Thrombosis of the **Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)** can also cause vertigo and ataxia but is less likely to cause such a pronounced combination of symptoms compared to PICA, and it often involves the **vestibulocochlear nerve** leading to hearing loss.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that **vertigo** accompanied by **ataxia** and **vomiting** can indicate a **posterior fossa** lesion, which includes the cerebellum and brainstem. The **PICA stroke** is a classic cause of this symptom complex, often referred to as **Wallenberg's syndrome** or lateral medullary syndrome when it involves the lateral medulla.
## **Correct Answer: C. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA).**